USO option chain United States Oil Fund, LP
Each row is one strike. The left half is the call, the right half the put. Bid/ask are what buyers and sellers currently quote; volume is contracts traded this session; open interest is standing contracts. The highlighted row sits closest to the stock price.
This expiration prices a move of about ±11.9% (125.42–159.18) · ATM IV 43.5% · P/C open interest 2.37
| CALLS | Strike | PUTS | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bid | Ask | Vol | OIThe number of option contracts currently outstanding at a strike or expiration. High open interest shows where positions are concentrated. | IV | ΔModel sensitivity of an option's price to a $1 move in the stock; also used as a rough moneyness scale (a 25-delta option is well out of the money). | Γ | Θ | Bid | Ask | Vol | OI | IV | Δ | Γ | Θ | |
| 68.80 | 71.50 | 4 | 79.7% | 0.99 | 0.0004 | 0.000 | 72 | 0 | 0.5000 | 247 | 97.4% | -0.01 | 0.0004 | -0.006 | ||
| 67.60 | 70.70 | 8 | 77.6% | 0.99 | 0.0004 | 0.000 | 73 | 0 | 0.5900 | 544 | 98.1% | -0.01 | 0.0004 | -0.006 | ||
| 66.00 | 70.05 | 30 | 0.99 | 0.0004 | 0.000 | 74 | 0 | 0.4700 | 349 | 93.0% | -0.01 | 0.0004 | -0.007 | |||
| 65.75 | 68.50 | 79 | 67.2% | 0.99 | 0.0004 | 0.000 | 75 | 0 | 0.2000 | 6 | 11.1K | 81.1% | -0.01 | 0.0004 | -0.007 | |
| 64.80 | 67.50 | 2 | 71.0% | 0.99 | 0.0005 | 0.000 | 76 | 0 | 0.2300 | 5 | 1,212 | 81.0% | -0.01 | 0.0004 | -0.007 | |
| 63.75 | 66.50 | 5 | 61.1% | 0.99 | 0.0005 | 0.000 | 77 | 0 | 0.6400 | 108 | 92.3% | -0.01 | 0.0005 | -0.007 | ||
| 62.60 | 65.75 | 26 | 70.9% | 0.99 | 0.0005 | 0.000 | 78 | 0 | 0.4400 | 260 | 85.4% | -0.01 | 0.0005 | -0.007 | ||
| 61.80 | 64.55 | 47 | 68.8% | 0.99 | 0.0005 | 0.000 | 79 | 0 | 0.4300 | 234 | 83.5% | -0.01 | 0.0005 | -0.007 | ||
| 60.80 | 63.55 | 253 | 66.7% | 0.99 | 0.0006 | 0.000 | 80 | 0.0400 | 0.0900 | 48 | 8,706 | 68.4% | -0.01 | 0.0006 | -0.008 | |
| 59.85 | 62.55 | 30 | 68.2% | 0.99 | 0.0006 | 0.000 | 81 | 0 | 0.1600 | 21 | 792 | 70.1% | -0.01 | 0.0006 | -0.008 | |
| 58.85 | 61.55 | 18 | 66.3% | 0.99 | 0.0006 | 0.000 | 82 | 0.0500 | 0.3300 | 56 | 524 | 77.3% | -0.01 | 0.0006 | -0.008 | |
| 57.90 | 60.60 | 4 | 69.6% | 0.99 | 0.0007 | 0.000 | 83 | 0.0200 | 0.1800 | 5 | 440 | 69.3% | -0.01 | 0.0007 | -0.008 | |
| 56.85 | 59.60 | 20 | 65.4% | 0.99 | 0.0007 | 0.000 | 84 | 0.0900 | 0.1500 | 10 | 263 | 69.6% | -0.01 | 0.0007 | -0.009 | |
| 55.85 | 58.60 | 319 | 63.5% | 0.99 | 0.0008 | 0.000 | 85 | 0.0500 | 0.1000 | 5,739 | 64.1% | -0.01 | 0.0007 | -0.009 | ||
| 54.10 | 58.15 | 36 | 0.99 | 0.0008 | 0.000 | 86 | 0 | 0.2300 | 1,323 | 66.4% | -0.01 | 0.0008 | -0.009 | |||
| 53.10 | 57.15 | 292 | 0.99 | 0.0008 | 0.000 | 87 | 0.0400 | 0.2600 | 160 | 67.5% | -0.01 | 0.0008 | -0.009 | |||
| 52.70 | 56.20 | 189 | 72.6% | 0.99 | 0.0009 | 0.000 | 88 | 0 | 0.4000 | 3 | 294 | 69.0% | -0.01 | 0.0009 | -0.010 | |
| 51.15 | 55.20 | 82 | 0.99 | 0.0010 | 0.000 | 89 | 0 | 0.1900 | 1 | 945 | 60.8% | -0.01 | 0.0010 | -0.010 | ||
| 51.20 | 53.65 | 565 | 68.2% | 0.99 | 0.0010 | 0.000 | 90 | 0.1000 | 0.2200 | 1 | 11.3K | 63.9% | -0.01 | 0.0010 | -0.010 | |
| 49.95 | 52.65 | 68 | 59.5% | 0.99 | 0.0011 | 0.000 | 91 | 0.0700 | 0.1900 | 20 | 182 | 60.7% | -0.01 | 0.0011 | -0.011 | |
| 48.95 | 51.70 | 10 | 59.5% | 0.98 | 0.0012 | 0.000 | 92 | 0.0100 | 0.3800 | 22 | 408 | 63.1% | -0.01 | 0.0012 | -0.011 | |
| 48.00 | 50.70 | 11 | 59.4% | 0.98 | 0.0012 | 0.000 | 93 | 0.0800 | 0.4100 | 1 | 1,403 | 64.0% | -0.01 | 0.0012 | -0.011 | |
| 46.95 | 49.70 | 3 | 56.2% | 0.98 | 0.0013 | 0.000 | 94 | 0.0200 | 0.3400 | 4 | 160 | 59.6% | -0.01 | 0.0013 | -0.012 | |
| 46.00 | 49.30 | 742 | 67.8% | 0.98 | 0.0014 | 0.000 | 95 | 0.1000 | 0.2500 | 60 | 22.3K | 58.0% | -0.02 | 0.0014 | -0.012 | |
| 44.25 | 48.30 | 101 | 49.0% | 0.98 | 0.0015 | 0.000 | 96 | 0.0300 | 0.2900 | 6 | 1,884 | 55.9% | -0.02 | 0.0015 | -0.013 | |
| 43.25 | 46.75 | 125 | 0.98 | 0.0016 | 0.000 | 97 | 0.0400 | 0.2900 | 509 | 54.9% | -0.02 | 0.0016 | -0.013 | |||
| 43.20 | 45.20 | 310 | 0.98 | 0.0017 | 0.000 | 98 | 0.0200 | 0.3900 | 1,232 | 55.4% | -0.02 | 0.0017 | -0.014 | |||
| 42.05 | 44.05 | 758 | 0.98 | 0.0019 | 0.000 | 99 | 0 | 0.3900 | 2 | 416 | 53.7% | -0.02 | 0.0019 | -0.015 | ||
| 42.20 | 42.80 | 24 | 7,267 | 55.1% | 0.98 | 0.0020 | 0.000 | 100 | 0.1600 | 0.2700 | 746 | 37.1K | 53.8% | -0.02 | 0.0020 | -0.015 |
| 40.10 | 42.10 | 1 | 27 | 0.97 | 0.0022 | 0.000 | 101 | 0 | 0.7700 | 5,168 | 57.5% | -0.02 | 0.0022 | -0.016 | ||
| 39.15 | 40.90 | 63 | 0.97 | 0.0023 | 0.000 | 102 | 0.0500 | 0.4500 | 2 | 2,357 | 51.9% | -0.03 | 0.0023 | -0.017 | ||
| 38.25 | 40.05 | 80 | 0.97 | 0.0025 | 0.000 | 103 | 0.0700 | 0.4300 | 134 | 134 | 50.6% | -0.03 | 0.0025 | -0.018 | ||
| 37.30 | 39.10 | 10 | 34 | 0.97 | 0.0027 | 0.000 | 104 | 0.2100 | 0.4600 | 2 | 201 | 52.0% | -0.03 | 0.0027 | -0.018 | |
| 36.85 | 37.95 | 1 | 2,731 | 43.6% | 0.97 | 0.0029 | 0.000 | 105 | 0.2300 | 0.4200 | 121 | 6,408 | 50.4% | -0.03 | 0.0029 | -0.019 |
| 35.35 | 37.50 | 55 | 43.3% | 0.96 | 0.0031 | 0.000 | 106 | 0.2200 | 0.4600 | 1 | 5,193 | 49.5% | -0.03 | 0.0031 | -0.021 | |
| 34.40 | 36.75 | 175 | 47.1% | 0.96 | 0.0034 | 0.000 | 107 | 0.1300 | 0.5100 | 2 | 174 | 47.6% | -0.04 | 0.0034 | -0.022 | |
| 33.40 | 35.00 | 82 | 0.96 | 0.0036 | 0.000 | 108 | 0.3400 | 0.4400 | 54 | 261 | 48.1% | -0.04 | 0.0036 | -0.023 | ||
| 32.40 | 34.85 | 5 | 53 | 45.5% | 0.95 | 0.0039 | -0.001 | 109 | 0.1500 | 0.9000 | 26 | 583 | 49.7% | -0.04 | 0.0039 | -0.024 |
| 32.50 | 33.20 | 41 | 3,072 | 49.0% | 0.95 | 0.0042 | -0.003 | 110 | 0.4500 | 0.5000 | 548 | 13.4K | 47.3% | -0.05 | 0.0042 | -0.025 |
| 30.50 | 32.95 | 152 | 45.0% | 0.95 | 0.0046 | -0.005 | 111 | 0.2500 | 0.7400 | 8 | 3,211 | 46.3% | -0.05 | 0.0046 | -0.027 | |
| 29.80 | 32.00 | 1 | 56 | 46.9% | 0.94 | 0.0049 | -0.007 | 112 | 0.4400 | 0.8200 | 6 | 190 | 47.5% | -0.06 | 0.0050 | -0.028 |
| 28.95 | 30.40 | 346 | 41.0% | 0.94 | 0.0053 | -0.009 | 113 | 0.3000 | 0.8700 | 9 | 199 | 45.3% | -0.06 | 0.0053 | -0.030 | |
| 28.00 | 30.10 | 112 | 46.4% | 0.93 | 0.0057 | -0.012 | 114 | 0.6000 | 0.9000 | 70 | 1,962 | 46.6% | -0.06 | 0.0058 | -0.031 | |
| 27.20 | 29.20 | 28 | 2,415 | 47.1% | 0.93 | 0.0062 | -0.014 | 115 | 0.5100 | 0.7200 | 2,664 | 13.7K | 42.9% | -0.07 | 0.0062 | -0.033 |
| 26.00 | 28.40 | 712 | 45.5% | 0.92 | 0.0066 | -0.017 | 116 | 0.5900 | 0.8100 | 41 | 4,848 | 44.1% | -0.08 | 0.0067 | -0.035 | |
| 25.10 | 26.75 | 48 | 40.0% | 0.91 | 0.0072 | -0.019 | 117 | 0.6200 | 1.06 | 6 | 195 | 43.5% | -0.08 | 0.0072 | -0.037 | |
| 24.00 | 26.00 | 2 | 98 | 39.7% | 0.91 | 0.0077 | -0.022 | 118 | 0.8000 | 0.9800 | 5 | 204 | 42.8% | -0.09 | 0.0077 | -0.039 |
| 22.45 | 25.45 | 2 | 183 | 37.5% | 0.90 | 0.0082 | -0.025 | 119 | 0.8000 | 1.06 | 38 | 1,743 | 43.0% | -0.10 | 0.0083 | -0.041 |
| 23.15 | 23.65 | 195 | 2,419 | 41.8% | 0.89 | 0.0088 | -0.028 | 120 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 4,756 | 22.1K | 42.6% | -0.11 | 0.0089 | -0.044 |
| 21.70 | 23.00 | 3 | 101 | 39.7% | 0.88 | 0.0094 | -0.031 | 121 | 1.04 | 1.47 | 20 | 134 | 42.5% | -0.12 | 0.0095 | -0.046 |
| 20.75 | 22.90 | 2 | 256 | 43.1% | 0.87 | 0.0101 | -0.034 | 122 | 1.18 | 1.51 | 100 | 2,916 | 41.8% | -0.13 | 0.0101 | -0.049 |
| 20.10 | 21.50 | 108 | 41.2% | 0.86 | 0.0107 | -0.038 | 123 | 1.45 | 1.80 | 20 | 322 | 42.9% | -0.14 | 0.0108 | -0.051 | |
| 19.35 | 21.25 | 10 | 142 | 44.0% | 0.85 | 0.0114 | -0.041 | 124 | 1.65 | 1.77 | 22 | 261 | 42.0% | -0.15 | 0.0114 | -0.054 |
| 17.70 | 19.65 | 73 | 3,544 | 36.8% | 0.83 | 0.0120 | -0.045 | 125 | 1.70 | 1.96 | 835 | 6,922 | 42.0% | -0.16 | 0.0121 | -0.057 |
| 17.55 | 20.25 | 6 | 197 | 45.2% | 0.82 | 0.0127 | -0.048 | 126 | 1.97 | 2.25 | 7 | 185 | 42.0% | -0.18 | 0.0128 | -0.060 |
| 16.55 | 18.80 | 14 | 153 | 41.7% | 0.81 | 0.0134 | -0.052 | 127 | 2.18 | 2.43 | 21 | 164 | 41.8% | -0.19 | 0.0134 | -0.063 |
| 16.40 | 17.40 | 2 | 326 | 41.6% | 0.79 | 0.0140 | -0.055 | 128 | 2.30 | 2.65 | 12 | 215 | 41.3% | -0.21 | 0.0141 | -0.066 |
| 14.60 | 17.75 | 1 | 190 | 41.7% | 0.78 | 0.0146 | -0.059 | 129 | 2.64 | 2.91 | 28 | 243 | 41.6% | -0.22 | 0.0147 | -0.069 |
| 14.70 | 15.60 | 155 | 4,913 | 39.6% | 0.76 | 0.0152 | -0.062 | 130 | 3.00 | 3.15 | 847 | 2,867 | 41.7% | -0.24 | 0.0153 | -0.071 |
| 14.10 | 15.15 | 162 | 40.9% | 0.74 | 0.0157 | -0.066 | 131 | 3.30 | 3.50 | 5 | 840 | 41.9% | -0.26 | 0.0158 | -0.074 | |
| 13.65 | 14.65 | 190 | 684 | 42.2% | 0.72 | 0.0162 | -0.069 | 132 | 3.55 | 3.85 | 214 | 159 | 41.8% | -0.27 | 0.0163 | -0.077 |
| 13.10 | 14.10 | 21 | 530 | 42.8% | 0.71 | 0.0167 | -0.072 | 133 | 3.95 | 4.20 | 13 | 714 | 42.1% | -0.29 | 0.0168 | -0.079 |
| 12.55 | 13.40 | 9 | 409 | 42.9% | 0.69 | 0.0171 | -0.075 | 134 | 4.35 | 4.60 | 10 | 727 | 42.4% | -0.31 | 0.0172 | -0.082 |
| 12.00 | 12.80 | 116 | 1,951 | 43.2% | 0.67 | 0.0175 | -0.078 | 135 | 4.75 | 4.95 | 409 | 1,526 | 42.4% | -0.33 | 0.0176 | -0.084 |
| 11.25 | 12.05 | 2 | 928 | 42.4% | 0.65 | 0.0178 | -0.081 | 136 | 5.15 | 5.40 | 75 | 673 | 42.5% | -0.35 | 0.0179 | -0.086 |
| 10.50 | 11.40 | 7 | 223 | 41.7% | 0.63 | 0.0180 | -0.083 | 137 | 5.55 | 5.80 | 55 | 1,236 | 42.5% | -0.37 | 0.0182 | -0.087 |
| 10.15 | 10.95 | 18 | 456 | 42.6% | 0.61 | 0.0183 | -0.085 | 138 | 6.05 | 6.30 | 7 | 167 | 42.9% | -0.39 | 0.0184 | -0.089 |
| 9.80 | 10.20 | 5 | 417 | 42.6% | 0.59 | 0.0184 | -0.087 | 139 | 6.45 | 6.80 | 36 | 1,287 | 42.8% | -0.41 | 0.0186 | -0.090 |
| 9.45 | 9.65 | 407 | 6,419 | 43.0% | 0.57 | 0.0185 | -0.089 | 140 | 7.00 | 7.30 | 449 | 1,836 | 43.1% | -0.42 | 0.0187 | -0.091 |
| 8.85 | 9.30 | 41 | 517 | 43.1% | 0.56 | 0.0186 | -0.090 | 141 | 7.60 | 7.85 | 49 | 142 | 43.5% | -0.44 | 0.0188 | -0.092 |
| 8.50 | 8.85 | 15 | 449 | 43.6% | 0.54 | 0.0186 | -0.092 | 142 | 8.00 | 8.40 | 179 | 39 | 43.4% | -0.46 | 0.0188 | -0.093 |
| 8.05 | 8.45 | 38 | 202 | 43.8% | 0.52 | 0.0186 | -0.093 | 143 | 8.55 | 9.00 | 42 | 835 | 43.6% | -0.48 | 0.0188 | -0.093 |
| 7.55 | 7.95 | 3 | 433 | 43.5% | 0.50 | 0.0185 | -0.094 | 144 | 9.30 | 9.60 | 19 | 44.2% | -0.50 | 0.0187 | -0.094 | |
| 7.35 | 7.60 | 2,346 | 9,350 | 44.3% | 0.48 | 0.0184 | -0.095 | 145 | 9.90 | 10.15 | 19 | 1,044 | 44.3% | -0.52 | 0.0186 | -0.094 |
| 6.80 | 8.20 | 2 | 284 | 46.6% | 0.47 | 0.0182 | -0.095 | 146 | 10.55 | 10.85 | 1 | 108 | 44.7% | -0.53 | 0.0184 | -0.094 |
| 6.35 | 7.90 | 2 | 75 | 46.7% | 0.45 | 0.0181 | -0.096 | 147 | 11.20 | 11.50 | 61 | 45.0% | -0.55 | 0.0183 | -0.093 | |
| 6.15 | 6.85 | 29 | 666 | 45.5% | 0.43 | 0.0179 | -0.096 | 148 | 11.80 | 12.15 | 1 | 588 | 45.0% | -0.57 | 0.0181 | -0.093 |
| 5.85 | 6.65 | 3 | 689 | 46.1% | 0.42 | 0.0176 | -0.096 | 149 | 12.55 | 12.90 | 44 | 45.6% | -0.58 | 0.0178 | -0.092 | |
| 5.65 | 5.95 | 1,466 | 6,846 | 45.5% | 0.40 | 0.0174 | -0.095 | 150 | 13.25 | 13.80 | 129 | 413 | 46.4% | -0.60 | 0.0176 | -0.091 |
| 5.30 | 6.55 | 6 | 195 | 48.0% | 0.39 | 0.0171 | -0.095 | 151 | 13.90 | 14.25 | 22 | 45.8% | -0.62 | 0.0173 | -0.090 | |
| 5.00 | 5.95 | 3 | 224 | 47.3% | 0.37 | 0.0168 | -0.095 | 152 | 14.70 | 15.00 | 12 | 46.3% | -0.63 | 0.0170 | -0.089 | |
| 4.75 | 5.20 | 2 | 267 | 46.2% | 0.36 | 0.0165 | -0.094 | 153 | 15.20 | 15.80 | 83 | 46.1% | -0.65 | 0.0167 | -0.088 | |
| 4.50 | 4.90 | 1 | 283 | 46.3% | 0.34 | 0.0161 | -0.093 | 154 | 16.20 | 16.50 | 46.9% | -0.66 | 0.0164 | -0.087 | ||
| 4.30 | 4.60 | 722 | 2,220 | 46.5% | 0.33 | 0.0158 | -0.092 | 155 | 16.95 | 17.25 | 83 | 47.0% | -0.67 | 0.0160 | -0.085 | |
| 3.95 | 4.45 | 2 | 86 | 46.5% | 0.32 | 0.0154 | -0.091 | 156 | 17.70 | 18.05 | 2 | 47.3% | -0.69 | 0.0157 | -0.084 | |
| 3.90 | 4.20 | 11 | 102 | 47.1% | 0.30 | 0.0151 | -0.090 | 157 | 17.95 | 18.85 | 1 | 25 | 45.9% | -0.70 | 0.0153 | -0.082 |
| 3.70 | 4.05 | 1 | 95 | 47.5% | 0.29 | 0.0147 | -0.089 | 158 | 19.25 | 20.60 | 4 | 50.5% | -0.71 | 0.0150 | -0.080 | |
| 3.55 | 3.80 | 37 | 47.7% | 0.28 | 0.0144 | -0.088 | 159 | 19.05 | 21.40 | 1 | 47.7% | -0.72 | 0.0146 | -0.078 | ||
| 3.40 | 3.90 | 168 | 3,030 | 48.9% | 0.27 | 0.0140 | -0.087 | 160 | 20.90 | 21.30 | 32 | 48.3% | -0.74 | 0.0143 | -0.076 | |
| 3.15 | 3.45 | 98 | 48.0% | 0.26 | 0.0136 | -0.086 | 161 | 21.70 | 22.15 | 1 | 48.5% | -0.75 | 0.0139 | -0.074 | ||
| 3.05 | 3.35 | 1 | 333 | 48.7% | 0.25 | 0.0133 | -0.084 | 162 | 22.55 | 23.00 | 1 | 48.9% | -0.76 | 0.0135 | -0.072 | |
| 2.85 | 3.15 | 7 | 139 | 48.6% | 0.24 | 0.0129 | -0.083 | 163 | 22.50 | 23.85 | 1 | 46.1% | -0.77 | 0.0132 | -0.070 | |
| 2.67 | 3.20 | 1 | 80 | 49.4% | 0.23 | 0.0125 | -0.081 | 164 | 24.15 | 24.70 | 11 | 49.0% | -0.78 | 0.0128 | -0.068 | |
| 2.58 | 2.94 | 204 | 1,505 | 49.4% | 0.22 | 0.0122 | -0.080 | 165 | 25.10 | 25.55 | 1 | 49.5% | -0.79 | 0.0125 | -0.066 | |
| 2.00 | 2.27 | 128 | 1,474 | 50.4% | 0.18 | 0.0105 | -0.072 | 170 | 29.50 | 30.00 | 75 | 50.9% | -0.83 | 0.0108 | -0.056 | |
| 1.45 | 1.85 | 78 | 860 | 51.3% | 0.14 | 0.0089 | -0.065 | 175 | 34.00 | 34.55 | 1 | 51.9% | -0.86 | 0.0093 | -0.045 | |
| 1.14 | 1.46 | 62 | 1,687 | 52.4% | 0.12 | 0.0076 | -0.058 | 180 | 38.65 | 39.20 | 11 | 53.1% | -0.89 | 0.0079 | -0.034 | |
| 0.8300 | 1.14 | 2,287 | 590 | 53.0% | 0.10 | 0.0064 | -0.051 | 185 | 43.05 | 45.00 | 3 | 58.6% | -0.91 | 0.0068 | -0.025 | |
| 0.7000 | 1.10 | 21 | 811 | 55.7% | 0.08 | 0.0054 | -0.045 | 190 | 48.20 | 49.40 | 60.1% | -0.93 | 0.0058 | -0.015 | ||
| 0.6000 | 0.8200 | 38 | 565 | 56.5% | 0.07 | 0.0046 | -0.040 | 195 | 53.10 | 54.40 | 86 | 63.4% | -0.94 | 0.0049 | -0.007 | |
| 0.5300 | 0.6900 | 115 | 8,228 | 58.2% | 0.06 | 0.0040 | -0.036 | 200 | 57.20 | 59.25 | 114 | 58.2% | -0.95 | 0.0042 | 0.000 | |
| 0.4000 | 1.10 | 4 | 530 | 64.0% | 0.05 | 0.0034 | -0.032 | 205 | 62.30 | 64.55 | 65.7% | -0.96 | 0.0036 | 0.000 | ||
| 0.1600 | 0.9400 | 2 | 295 | 63.4% | 0.04 | 0.0029 | -0.029 | 210 | 67.10 | 69.45 | 4 | 66.1% | -0.97 | 0.0035 | 0.000 | |
Strikes shown: within ±50% of the underlying price. Intrinsic value = max(0, price − strike) for calls, max(0, strike − price) for puts; extrinsic = option price − intrinsic. Greeks and IV as computed by the exchange feed.
Volatility smile — Oct 16, 2026
Volatility page →Implied volatility per strike for this expiration. Out-of-the-money puts usually price higher IV than calls — the skew.